Multan, known as the “City of Saints,” is one of the oldest cities in the world. Located in the Punjab province of Pakistan, Multan boasts a rich history that spans over millennia, vibrant culture, and an enduring spirit of spirituality. With its stunning architecture, historical landmarks, and thriving bazaars, the city offers a unique blend of antiquity and modernity that enchants visitors.

A Journey Through History

The origins of Multan can be traced back over 5,000 years. It has seen the rise and fall of numerous civilizations, including the Indus Valley Civilization, the Greeks under Alexander the Great, and the Muslims during the Arab conquest. This rich historical tapestry has earned Multan its nickname, the “Pearl of the Subcontinent.”

Multan gained prominence during the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate in the 8th century, when Muhammad bin Qasim conquered the region. Under Muslim rule, the city flourished as a center of trade, culture, and spirituality. It became renowned for its Sufi shrines and mosques, attracting devotees from across the region.

The City of Saints

Multan’s identity as the “City of Saints” stems from its association with Sufism. Over centuries, Sufi saints and mystics migrated to Multan, spreading their teachings of peace, love, and devotion. Their tombs and shrines have become iconic landmarks of the city.

Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya

One of the most revered Sufi saints of Multan is Bahauddin Zakariya, whose shrine is an architectural masterpiece. Built in the 13th century, the shrine is adorned with intricate tile work and calligraphy, reflecting the Islamic art and architecture of the era. The annual Urs (death anniversary) of Bahauddin Zakariya is a grand event that attracts thousands of devotees who come to pay their respects and participate in spiritual gatherings.

Shrine of Shah Rukn-e-Alam

Another significant spiritual landmark is the shrine of Shah Rukn-e-Alam, a descendant of Bahauddin Zakariya. This majestic structure, built with red bricks and embellished with blue tile mosaics, is one of Multan’s most iconic symbols. Located on a hill, the shrine offers a panoramic view of the city. It is also listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site candidate for its architectural significance.

Architectural Marvels

Multan is home to a variety of architectural gems that showcase its historical legacy.

Multan Fort

The Multan Fort, also known as Qila Kohna Qasim, is a historic fortress that dates back to ancient times. Though much of the fort has been damaged over centuries, remnants of its grandeur remain. The fort’s walls, bastions, and gates reflect the military engineering of different eras. Visitors can explore the fort’s ruins and imagine the battles and conquests that shaped Multan’s history.

Mosques of Multan

Multan’s mosques are a testament to its religious and architectural heritage. The Sawi Mosque, with its exquisite blue tiles, is a fine example of the city’s Islamic architecture. Another notable mosque is the Eidgah Mosque, built during the Mughal era, which continues to serve as a hub for communal prayers and gatherings.

The Bustling Bazaars of Multan

Multan’s bazaars are a treasure trove of culture, offering a vibrant mix of traditional crafts, local delicacies, and contemporary goods. The bazaars are not only a shopper’s paradise but also a window into the city’s daily life.

Hussain Agahi Bazaar

Hussain Agahi Bazaar is one of the oldest and busiest markets in Multan. Known for its traditional crafts, the bazaar offers everything from embroidered textiles and jewelry to pottery and leather goods. It’s also a great place to savor local street food, including samosas, jalebis, and multani halwa.

Multani Halwa: A Culinary Delight

No visit to Multan is complete without tasting its famous Multani Halwa. This sweet delicacy, made from wheat flour, sugar, and clarified butter, is a must-try for anyone visiting the city. Many shops in the bazaars specialize in this iconic dessert, which is often brought back as a gift by travelers.

The Natural Beauty of Multan

While Multan is often celebrated for its historical and cultural significance, its natural beauty is equally captivating.

Chenab River

The Chenab River flows near Multan, offering scenic views and opportunities for boating and picnics. The riverbanks are a favorite spot for locals and tourists alike, especially during the cooler months.

Parks and Gardens

Multan boasts several parks and gardens that provide a green escape from the bustling city. The Qasim Bagh is a popular destination, located near the Multan Fort. It is a great place for families to relax and enjoy the outdoors. Similarly, the Shah Shams Park and Cantonment Garden offer serene environments for leisurely strolls and picnics.

Festivals and Celebrations

Multan’s cultural calendar is marked by numerous festivals and celebrations that showcase its rich heritage.

Sufi Urs Festivals

The Urs festivals of Multan’s saints, such as Bahauddin Zakariya and Shah Rukn-e-Alam, are celebrated with great fervor. These events include spiritual gatherings, music, and recitation of Sufi poetry. The Urs festivals are a reflection of Multan’s enduring spiritual traditions.

Basant Festival

Although not as widely celebrated as in the past, the Basant Festival brings a burst of color to Multan’s skies with kites of all shapes and sizes. This festival marks the arrival of spring and is accompanied by music, dance, and traditional food.

Modern Multan

While steeped in history, Multan is also a thriving modern city. It serves as a major economic and educational hub in southern Punjab. The city has witnessed significant development in recent years, with improved infrastructure, modern shopping malls, and educational institutions.

Visiting Multan

Multan is well-connected to major cities in Pakistan through road, rail, and air. Multan International Airport facilitates domestic and international travel, making it accessible to tourists from around the world.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Multan is during the winter months (November to February), when the weather is pleasant and ideal for exploring the city’s landmarks and bazaars. Summers in Multan can be extremely hot, making outdoor activities challenging.

Conclusion

Multan is a city that beautifully weaves together the past and present. Its rich history, spiritual heritage, and vibrant culture make it a unique destination for travelers seeking an authentic experience. From its awe-inspiring shrines and ancient fort to its lively bazaars and warm hospitality, Multan leaves an indelible impression on everyone who visits.